The sixth chapter of Sharirasthana of Sushruta Samhita is called as Pratyeka Marma Nirdeśa Shariram Adhyaya. This chapter offers with Description of deadly spots.
अथातःप्रत्येकमर्मनिर्देशंशारीरंव्याख्याख्यामः॥१॥
यथोवाचभगवान्धन्वन्तरिः॥२॥
We are going to now expound the chapter by title Pratyeka Marma Nirdeśa Sārīra — description of every deadly spot individually as revealed by the venerable Dhañvañtari.
Marma sañkhyā and bheda – quantity and sorts of deadly spots
सप्तोत्तरंमर्मशतम्।तानिमर्माणिपञ्चात्मकानिभवन्तितद्यथा – मांसमर्माणि,स्नायुमर्माणि, अस्थिमर्माणिसन्धिमर्माणिचेति। नखलुमांससिरास्नाय्वस्थिसन्धिव्यतिरेकेणान्यानिमर्माणिभवन्ति, यस्मानोपलभ्यन्ते॥३॥
Marmas are the very important or deadly spots / areas within the physique. They’re 100 and 7 in quantity. These are labeled into 5 classes. They’re –
| Title of the Marma based mostly on its composition | Situated in or made up of / composed of |
| Mamsa Marma | Muscle tissues |
| Sira Marma | Veins |
| Snayu Marma | Ligaments |
| Asthi Marma | Bones |
| Sandhi Marma | Bony joints |
Other than the talked about forms of marmas i.e. very important spots composed of muscle mass, veins, ligaments, bones and joints talked about above, there are not any different kinds of marmas, since no different completely different sort of deadly spots aside from these are discovered.
Classification of Marma based mostly on content material (make up) of marma
तत्रैकादशमांसमर्माणि, एकचत्वारिंशत्सिरामर्माणि,सप्तविंशतिः स्नायुमर्माणी, अष्टावस्थिमर्माणि, विंशतिःसन्धिमर्माणिचेतितदेतत्सप्तोत्तरंमर्मशतम् ॥४॥
| Title / Class of Marma | Quantity |
| Mamsa Marma | 11 |
| Sira Marma | 41 |
| Snayu Marma | 27 |
| Asthi Marma | 08 |
| Sandhi Marma | 20 |
| Whole Marmas | 107 |
Thus, there are all collectively, 100 and 7 Marmas.
Marma Vyahana – distribution of deadly spots within the physique
तेषामेकादशैकस्मिन्सक्थ्निभवन्ति, एतेनेतरसक्थिबाहूचव्याख्यातौ, उदरोरसोर्द्वादश, चतुर्दशपृष्ठे, ग्रीवांप्रत्यूर्ध्वंसप्तत्रिंशत् ॥५॥
Under talked about is the distribution of those 107 Marmas in several components of the physique –
| Location of Marmas within the physique | Quantity |
| Limbs – 11 in every limb | 11×4 = 44 Marmas |
| Stomach and Chest collectively | 12 Marmas |
| Again | 14 Marmas |
| Neck and head | 37 Marmas |
| Whole No of Marmas | 107 Marmas |
Marma Nama – names of deadly spots: –
तत्रसक्थिमर्माणि क्षिप्रतलहृदयकुर्चकूर्चशिरोगुल्फेन्द्रबस्तिजान्वाण्युर्विलोहिताक्षाणि विटपंचेति,एतेनेतरत्सक्थिव्याख्यातम् ।उदरोरसोस्तुगुदबस्तिनाभिहृदयस्तनमूलस्तनरोहितापलापान्यापस्तम्भौचेति। पृष्ठमर्माणितु कटीकतरुणकुकुन्दरनितम्बपार्श्वसन्धिबृहत्यंसफलकान्यंसौ चेति। बाहुमर्माणितु क्षिप्रतलहृदयकूर्चकूर्चशिरोमणिबन्धेन्द्रबस्तिकूर्पराण्युर्वीलोहिताक्षाणि कक्षधरंचेति; एतेनेतरोबाहुर्व्याख्यातः। जत्रुणऊर्ध्वं चतस्त्रोधमन्योऽष्टौ मातृका द्वे कृकाटिके द्वे फणे द्वावपाङ्गौ द्वावुत्क्षेपौ द्वौ शङ्खावेकास्थपनीपञ्चसीमन्ताश्चत्वारिशूङ्गाटकान्येकोऽधिपतिरिति ॥६॥
Sakti marma-Under talked about are the names of the Marmas of Sakthi i.e. one leg / decrease limb –
– Kshipra
– Talahrdaya
– Kurca
– Kurcasira
– Gulpha
– Indrabasti
– Janu
– Ani
– Urvi
– Lohitaksha and
– Vitapa
The identical are the names of Marmas of the opposite decrease limb additionally. The variety of Marmas are additionally the identical – 11 in quantity.
Udara-uras Marma–Under talked about are the names of the Marmas current within the stomach and chest –
– Guda
– Basti
– Nabhi
– Hrdaya
– Stanamula
– Stanarohita
– Apalapa and
– Apastambha
Prstha marma – Under talked about are the names of the Marmas current within the again – every 2 in quantity –
– Katikataruna
– Kukundara
– Nitamba
– Parsvasandhi
– Brhati
– Amsaphalaka
– Amsa
Bahu marma :- Under talked about are the names of the Marmas current within the arm –
– Kshipra
– Talahrdaya
– Kurcha
– Kurchasira
– Manibandha
– Indrabasti
– Kurpara
– Ani
– Urvi
– Lohitaksha
– Kaksadhara
The identical are the names of Marmas of the opposite higher limb additionally. The variety of Marmas are additionally the identical – 11 in quantity.
Jatrūrdhva Marma— Under talked about are the names of the Marmas current above the extent of shoulders i.e. within the head and neck –
– Dhamanis – 4
– Matrka – 8
– Krkatika – 2
– Vidhura – 2
– Phana – 2
– Apanga – 2
– Avarta – 2
– Utkshepa – 2
– Shanka – 2
– Sthapani – 1
– Simanta – 5
– Srngataka – 4
– Adhipati – 1
Names of Mamsa and so forth Marmas
तलहृदयेन्द्रबस्तिगुदस्तनरोहितानिमांसमर्माणि,नीलधमनीमातृकाशृङ्गाटकापाङ्गस्थपनीफणस्तनमूलापलापापस्तम्भहृदयनाभिपार्श्वसन्धिबृहतीलोहिताक्षोर्व्यःमर्माणि,आणीविटपकक्षधरकूर्चकूर्चशिरोबस्तिक्षिप्रांसविधुरोत्क्षेपा :स्नायुमर्माणि,कटीकतरुण सिरानितम्बांसफलकशङ्खास्त्वस्थिमर्माणि,जानुकूर्परसीमन्ताधिपतिगुल्फमणिबन्धकुकुन्दरावर्तकृकाटिकाश्चेतिसन्धिमर्माणि॥७॥
Mamsa Marma – Under talked about are the Mamsa Marmas –
– Talahrdaya,
– Indrabasti,
– Guda,
– Stanarohita
Sira Marma – Under talked about are the Sira Marmas –
– Nīladhamanī,
– Mātrka,
– Srñgāțaka,
– Apāñga,
– Sthapanī,
– Phaņā,
– Stanamūla,
– Apasthambha,
– Hrdaya,
– Nabhi,
– Parsvasandhi,
– Brhati,
– Lohitaksa and
– Urvi
Snayu Marma – Under talked about are the Snayu Marmas –
– Ani,
– Vitapa,
– Kaksadhara,
– Kurca,
– Kurcasira,
– Basti,
– Ksipra,
– Amsa,
– Vidhura and
– Utksepa
Asthi Marma – Under talked about are the Asthi Marmas –
– Katīkataruna,
– Nitamba,
– Amsaphalaka and
– Sankhā
Sandhi Marma – Under talked about are the Sandhi Marmas –
– Janu,
– Kurpara,
– Simanta,
– Adhipati,
– Gulpha,
– Manibandha,
– Kukundara,
– Avarta and
– Krkatika
Classification of Marmas, effect-wise
तान्येतानिपञ्चविकल्पानिभवन्तितद्यथा – सद्यःप्राणहराणि,कालान्तरप्राण हराणि,विशल्यघ्नानि,वैकल्यकराणि,रुजाकराणिचेति।तत्रसद्य :प्राणहराण्येकोनविंशतिः,कालान्तरप्राणहराणित्रयस्त्रिंशत्,त्रीणिविशल्यनानि,चतुश्चत्वारिंशद्वैकल्यकराणि,अष्टौ रुजाकराणीति॥८॥
Based mostly on the impact they trigger after they get injured, Marmas are once more of 5 sorts. They’re –
| Class / Title of the Marmas | Impact of damage | Quantity |
| Sadyah prānahara marmas | trigger demise rapidly after they get injured | 19 |
| Kalantara prānahara marmas | trigger demise regularly, after a while, after they get injured, | 30 |
| Visalyaghna marmas | trigger demise when the overseas physique embedded in them is eliminated, | 03 |
| Vaikalyakara marmas | trigger deformity after they get injured | 44 |
| Rujākara marmas | trigger extreme ache after they get injured | 08 |
Names of Sadhyo pranahara and so forth Marmas
भवन्तिचात्र
शृङ्गाटकान्यधिपतिःशङ्खौकण्ठसिरागुदम्॥
हृदयंबस्तिनाभ्यौचघ्नन्तिसद्योहतानितु॥९॥
वक्षोमर्माणिसीमन्ततलक्षिप्रेन्द्रबस्तयः॥
कटीकतरुणेसन्धीपार्श्वजौबृहतीचया॥१०॥
नितम्बावितिचैतानिकालान्तरहराणितु॥
उत्क्षेपौस्थपनीचैवविशल्यघ्नानिनिर्दिशेत्॥११॥
लोहिताक्षाणिजानूर्वीकूर्चविटपकूर्पराः॥
कुकुन्दरेकक्षधरेविधुरेसकृकाटिके॥१२॥
अंसांसफलकापाङ्गानीलेमन्येफणौतथा॥
वैकल्यकरणान्याहुरावर्तीद्वौतथैवच॥१३॥
गुल्फोद्वौमणिबन्धौद्वौद्वेद्वेकूर्चशिरांसिच।
रुजाकराणिजानीयादष्टावेतानिबुद्धिमान्॥
क्षिप्राणिविद्धमात्राणिघ्नन्तिकालान्तरेणच॥ ॥१४॥
Some verses right here
Sadhya Pranahara Marmas –
Quantity – 19
Impact of damage – they kill the individual rapidly after they get injured.
| Title of Sadhya / Sadyo Pranahara Marma | Quantity |
| Srngataka | 4 |
| Adhipati | 1 |
| Sankha | 2 |
| Kanthasira / Matrika | 8 |
| Guda | 1 |
| Hrdaya | 1 |
| Basti / Vasti | 1 |
| Nabhi | 1 |
| Whole | 19 |
Kalantara Pranahara Marmas –
Quantity – 33
Impact of damage – they kill the individual regularly, after a while, after they get injured.
| Title of Kalantara Pranahara Marma | Quantity |
| Vaksa Marma – very important / deadly spots within the chest
Stanamula – 2 Stanarohita – 2 Apalapa – 2 Apastambha – 2 |
08 |
| Simanta | 05 |
| Tala (Talahrdaya)
Hasta – in hand – 2 Sakti – in leg / foot – 2 |
04 |
| Kshipra
In Hasta – 2 In Sakti – 2 |
04 |
| Indrabasti
In Hasta – 2 In sakti – 2 |
04 |
| Katikataruna | 02 |
| Parsva Sandhi | 02 |
| Brhati | 02 |
| Nitamba | 02 |
| Whole | 33 |
Vishalyaghna Marmas –
Quantity – 03
Impact of damage – they kill the individual when the salya – overseas physique embedded in them is eliminated.
| Title of Visalyaghna Marma | Quantity |
| Utkshepa | 02 |
| Sthapani | 01 |
| Whole | 03 |
Vaikalyakara Marmas –
Quantity – 44
Impact of damage – they may trigger deformity after they get injured.
| Title of Vaikalyakara Marma | Quantity |
| Lohitaksa | 04 |
| Ani | 04 |
| Janu | 02 |
| Urvi | 04 |
| Kurca | 04 |
| Vitapa | 02 |
| Kurpara | 02 |
| Kukundara | 02 |
| Kaksadhara | 02 |
| Vidhura | 02 |
| Krkatika | 02 |
| Amsa | 02 |
| Amsaphalaka | 02 |
| Apanga | 02 |
| Nila | 02 |
| Manya | 02 |
| Phana | 02 |
| Avarta | 02 |
| Whole | 44 |
Rujakara Marmas –
Quantity – 308
Impact of damage – these marmas would produce extreme ache after they get injured.
| Title of the Rujakara Marma | Quantity |
| Gulpha | 02 |
| Manibandha | 02 |
| Kurcasira | 04 |
| Whole | 08 |
Kșipra marma causes demise both rapidly or after a while, when injured / punctured.
Marma – Prāņa sthāna – seats of life
मर्माणिमांससिरास्नाय्वस्थिसन्धिसन्निपाताःतेषुस्वभावतएवविशेषेणप्राणास्तिष्ठन्तितस्मान्मर्मस्वभिहतास्तांस्तान्भावानापद्यन्ते॥१५॥
Marmas are confluence of the under talked about buildings (which additionally make up the marmas) –
– Mamsa – muscle mass
– Sira – veins
– Snayu – ligaments
– Asthi – bones and
– Sandhi – joints
Prana – the life entity or life power is claimed to reside in such confluence of those buildings by nature. Due to this fact, when these marmas are injured, they produce their respective results (enumerated above).
Marma svabhāva – nature of deadly spots
तत्रसद्य : प्राणहराण्याग्नेयानि, अग्निगुणेष्वाशुक्षीणेषुक्षपयन्तिकालान्तरप्राणहराणिसौम्याग्नेयानि, अग्निगुणेष्वाशुक्षीणेषुक्रमेणचसोमगुणेषुकालान्तरेणक्षपयन्तिविशल्यप्राणहराणिवायव्यानि, शल्यमुखावरुद्धोयावदन्तर्वायुस्तिष्ठतितावज्जीवति, उद्धृतमात्रेतुशल्येमर्मस्थानाश्रितोवायुर्निष्क्रामति, तस्मात्सशल्योजीवत्युद्धतशल्योम्रियते (पाका.त्पतितशल्योवाजीवति) वैकल्यकराणिसौम्यानि,सोमोहिस्थिरत्वाच्छैत्याच्चप्राणावलम्बनं करोतिरुजाकराण्यग्निवायुगुणभूयिष्ठानि, विशेषतश्चतौरुजाकरौपाञ्चभौतिकीचरुजामाहुरेके॥१६॥
Sadyah prāṇahara marma– These marmas are agneya in nature i.e. they’re predominant in fiery qualities. Attributable to this fiery nature solely, these marmas kill the debilitated individuals rapidly.
Kālāñtara prāņahara marma – These marmas are Saumya-agneya in nature. They’re predominant with qualities of each water and fireplace. Because of the agneya or fiery nature – sizzling high quality, these marmas kill the debilitated individuals in fast time. Additionally, as a consequence of their watery nature – chilly qualities, they kill different individuals regularly, after a while.
Višalya prāņahara marma – These marmas are Vayavya in nature i.e. they’re predominant with qualities of air. When the salya – overseas physique like arrow enters the physique of the individual at these marmas, they block the air inside these areas and stop it from escaping out. The individual survives so long as the air stays inside, obstructed from popping out by the overseas physique. However as quickly because the overseas physique is eliminated by pulling it out, the air which had been blocked by it within the very important spot will get launched and comes out and that is when the individual dies. So, the individual survives when the overseas physique is current inside and dies when it’s pulled out. (the individual survives if the salya comes out because of suppuration at that marma).
Vaikalyakara marma – These marmas are Saumya in nature i.e. they’re predominant in qualities of water or moon. These marmas will trigger deformities when injured however as a consequence of their stability and chilly nature, the moon / water would assist in sustenance of life.
Rujākara marma – These marmas are agneya and vayavya in nature i.e. they’ve predominance of each fireplace and air parts. Each these have capability of manufacturing ache and therefore when injured, these marmas trigger extreme ache. In response to some authorities, ache is Panchabhautika i.e. attributable to all of the 5 bhutas – parts collectively.
Anya mata – completely different opinion
केचिदाहुर्मासादीनांपञ्चानामपिसमस्तानांविवृद्धानांसमवायात्सद्य :प्राणहराणि,एकहीनानामल्यानांवाकालान्तरप्राणहराणि,द्विहीनानांविशल्यप्राणहराणि,त्रिहीनानां वैकल्यकराणि,एकस्मिन्नेवरुजाकराणीति।नैवं,यतोऽस्थिमर्मस्वप्यभिहतेषुशोणितागमनं भवति॥१७॥
Under talked about are the opinions of some students / consultants
– Sadyah Pranahara Marmas – In these marmas, there’s presence of all of the 5 elements i.e. mamsa, sira, snayu, asthi and sandhi in nice proportions and they’re intimately blended collectively.
– Kalantara Pranahara Marmas – In these marmas, solely 4 of the 5 elements might be current with deficit of any one in every of them or they are going to be current in much less amount.
– Visalyaghna Marmas – In these marmas any two elements is not going to be current and they are going to be made up of solely three elements.
– Vaikalyakara Marmas – In these marmas, solely two elements out of 5 might be current, with the absence of three elements.
– Rujakara Marmas – These marmas are made up of anybody among the many 5 elements and the opposite 4 elements might be absent.
This view is just not right since we see that there’s bleeding even when the asthi marma is injured.
Marma mahatva – significance of deadly spots
चतुर्विधायास्तुसिराःशरीरे
प्रायेणतामर्मसुसन्निविष्टाः॥
स्नाय्वस्थिमांसानितथैवसन्धीन्
सन्तर्प्यदेहंप्रतियापयन्ति॥१८॥
ततःक्षतेमर्मणिताःप्रवृद्धः
समन्ततोवायुरभिस्तृणोति॥
विवर्धमानस्तुसमातरिश्वा
रुजःसुतीब्राःप्रतनोतिकाये॥१९॥
रुजाभिभूतंतुततःशरीरं
प्रलीयतेनश्यतिचास्यसंज्ञा॥
अतोहिशल्यंविनिहर्तुमिच्छ
न्मर्माणियत्नेनपरीक्ष्यकषेत्॥२०॥
All of the 4 sorts of siras current in our physique are usually discovered to be located within the marmas. These siras maintain and keep the physique by nourishing the opposite 4 elements i.e. snayu, asthi, mamsa and sandhi.
That is the explanation the vata which will get aggravated when these marmas are injured would invade and trigger abnormalities within the siras and thus produce extreme ache within the physique.
The individual thus affected by extreme ache attributable to vata would enormously undergo and also will lose his consciousness.
Due to this fact, a doctor / surgeon who’s planning to drag out the overseas physique from their level of impression within the physique ought to rigorously study the marmas current in its neighborhood. He ought to first perceive its nature and solely after that he ought to pull out the salya – overseas physique.
एतेनशेषंव्याख्यातम्।।२१।।
By describing the actions of vata above, the writer has additionally defined the actions of the remaining doshas additionally.
Viddha sthāna phala – late impact of damage
तत्रसद्यःप्राणहरमन्तेविद्धंकालान्तरेणमारयति,कालान्तरप्राणहरमन्तेविद्धंवैकल्यमापादयति,विशल्यघ्नंवैकल्यकरंचभवति,वैकल्यकरंकालान्तरेणक्लेशयतिरुजांचकरोति,रुजाकरमतीव्रवेदनंभवति॥२२॥
Pariņāma kāla – time of results
तत्रसद्य : प्राणहराणिसप्तरात्राभ्यन्तरान्मारयन्ति,कालान्तरप्राणहराणिपक्षान्मासाद्व, तेष्वपितुक्षिप्राणिकदाचिदाशुमारयन्ति,विशल्यप्राणहराणिवैकल्यकराणिचकदाचिदत्यभिहतानिमारयन्ति।।२३।।
| Title of the Class of Marma | Impact when injured by way of time taken |
| Sadyo Pranahara Marmas | Kills the individual inside seven days |
| Kalantara Pranahara Marmas | Kills the individual inside fortnight or a month time
Even amongst these marmas, demise will typically be prompted in fast time when the Ksipra Marma is injured |
| Visalyaghna Marma and Vaikalyakara Marma | Typically trigger demise when they’re enormously injured |
Web site and names of deadly spots
-
Sakthi marma – deadly spots of the leg
अतऊर्ध्वंसक्थिमर्माणिव्याख्यास्यम : -तत्रपादस्याङ्गुष्ठाङ्गुल्योर्मध्येक्षिप्रंनाममर्म,तत्रविद्धस्याक्षेपकेणमरणंमध्यमाङ्गुलीमनुपूर्वेणमध्येपादतलस्यतलहृदयंनाम,तत्ररुजाभिर्मरणंक्षिप्रस्योपरिष्टादुभयतःकूर्चीनाम,तत्रपादस्यभ्रमणवेपनेभवतःगुल्फसन्धेरधउभयत : कूर्चशिरः,तत्ररुजाशोफौपादजङ्घयोःसन्धानेगुल्फः,तत्ररुजःस्तब्धपादताखञ्जतावापाणिप्रतिजङ्घामध्येइन्द्रबस्तिः,तत्रशोणितक्षयेणमरणंजबोर्वोःसन्धानेजानु,तत्र खञ्जताजानुनऊर्ध्वमुभयतस्त्र्यङ्गुलमाणी,तत्रशोफाभिवृद्धिःस्तब्धसक्थिताचऊरुमध्येउर्वी,तत्रशोणितक्षयात्सक्थिशोष : उर्व्याऊर्ध्वमधोवसणसंधेरूरुमूलेलोहिताक्षं,तत्रलोहितक्षयेणमरणंपक्षाघातोवावंक्षणवृषणयोरन्तरेविटपं,तत्रषाण्ढ्यमल्पशुक्रतावाभवतिएवमेतान्येकादशसक्थिमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि।एतेनेतरसक्थिबाहूचव्याख्यातौ।विशेषतस्तुयानिसक्थ्निगुल्फजानुविटपानि,तानिबाहौमणिबन्धकूर्परकक्षधराणियथावङ्क्षणवृषणयोरन्तरेविटपमेवंवक्षःकक्षयोर्मध्येकक्षधरं,तस्मिन्विद्धेतएवोपद्रवाःविशेषतस्तुमणिबन्धेकुण्ठता,कूर्पराख्येकुणिः,कक्षधरेपक्षाघातः।एवमेतानिचतुश्चत्वारिंशच्छाखासुमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि॥२४॥
Additional, we’ll describe the deadly spots within the leg as follows
| Title of the Sakti Marma | Location | Impact of damage |
| Ksipra Marma | Between the large toe and subsequent toe | Loss of life by convulsions |
| Talahrdaya Marma | In step with the center toe upwards, within the middle of the only | Loss of life from ache |
| Kurca Marma
|
Above the Ksipra Marma, on either side | Problem in strolling and bending the foot |
| Kurcasira Marma | Under the ankle joint, on either side | Ache and swelling |
| Gulpha Marma | On the assembly place of the foot and leg – ankle joint | Ache, stiffness of the foot, lameness / limping |
| Indrabasti Marma | In step with the heel, upwards and in the midst of the calf | Loss of life by lack of blood |
| Janu Marma | On the assembly place of calf and thigh – knee joint | Lameness
Limping |
| Ani Marma | 3 angula (6cm) above the janu sandhi (knee joint), on either side | Enhance of swelling and lack of motion of the thigh |
| Urvi Marma | Center of the thigh | Losing or thinning of the thigh as a consequence of lack of blood 1 |
| Lohitaksa Marma | Above Urvi Marma and under the groin, on the base of the thigh | Loss of life from lack of blood or
Paksaghata – hemiplegia |
| Vitapa | Between groin and scrotum | Impotence,
Deficiency of semen |
Thus, the eleven marmas of 1 sakti – leg / decrease limb have been enumerated. With this, the marmas current within the different leg and two bahu – arms / higher limbs too have been described (they carry the identical names). Gulpha Marma, Janu Marma and Vitapa Marma are particular to the decrease limbs.
The names change within the higher limb. The counter components within the higher limb are –
– Manibandha Marma – wrist marma – instead of Gulpha Marma
– Kurpara Marma – elbow marma – instead of Janu Marma
– Kaksadhara Marma – instead of Vitapa Marma
Kaksadhara Marma is positioned in between chest and axilla, identical to the Vitapa Marma within the higher limb is positioned between the scrotum and groin. When injured, this marma may also give rise to similar sort of troubles.
When Manibandha Marma is injured particularly, it causes lack of features of the hand. Likewise, when Kaksadhara Marma is injured, it causes paralysis of half portion of the physique – arms particularly.
On this approach, the forty-four marmas current within the extremities – higher and decrease limbs collectively, have been described.
2. Madhyamāñga marma – deadly spots within the trunk
अतऊर्ध्वमुदरोरसोर्मर्माण्यनुव्याख्यास्यामः- तत्रवातवर्षोनिरसनस्थूलान्त्रप्रतिबद्धंगुदंनाममर्म,तत्रसद्योमरणंअल्पमांसशोणितोऽभ्यन्तरतःकट्यांमूत्राशयोबस्तिः,तत्रापिसद्योमरणमश्मरीव्रणादृते,तत्राप्युभयतोभिन्नेनजीवित,एकतोभिन्नेमूत्रस्रावीव्रणोभवति,सतुयत्नेनोपक्रान्तोरोहतिपक्वामाशययोर्मध्येसिराप्रभवानाभिः,तत्रापिसद्योमरणंस्तनयोमध्यमधिष्ठायोरस्यामाशयद्वारंसत्त्वरजस्तमसामधिष्ठानंहृदयं,तत्रापिसद्यएवमरणंस्तनयोरधस्ताद्व्यङ्गुलमुभयतःस्तनमूले,तत्रकफपूर्णकोष्ठतया(कासश्वसाभ्यां)म्रियतेस्तनचूचुकयोरूर्ध्वंव्यङ्गुलमुभयतःस्तनरोहितौ,तत्रलोहितपूर्णकोष्ठतयाकासश्वासाभ्यांचम्रियतेअंसकूटयोरधस्तात्पार्वोपरिभागयोरपलापौनाम,तत्ररक्तेनपूयभावंगतेनमरणंउभयत्रोरसोनाड्यौवातवहेअपस्तम्भौनाम,तत्रवातपूर्णकोष्ठतयाकासश्वासाभ्यांचमरणम्एवमेतान्युदरोरसोर्टादशमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि॥२५॥
After this, the marmas of the stomach and chest shall be described.
| Title of the Udara-Urasa Marmas | Location | Impact of damage |
| Guda Marma | Hooked up to the massive gut, – rectum, anus
Eliminates flatus and feces |
Fast demise |
| Basti / Vasti Marma | Contained in the pelvis, consisting much less of muscle mass and blood
It’s the seat of urine
|
Causes fast demise
When the wound is because of asmari – calculus, it doesn’t trigger demise. Even in case of presence of asmari, if the bladder will get torn on either side because of the stones, the individual wouldn’t survive. If the damage is in anybody aspect, there happens a wound which might exude urine. This situation heals whether it is handled with all efforts. |
| Nabhi Marma | In between the abdomen and enormous gut – umbilicus / navel.
Fatherland of sira – veins. |
Causes demise in fast time |
| Hrdaya Marma | In between the 2 breasts, within the chest, on the mouth / opening of the abdomen – Coronary heart.
Seat of Sattva, Rajas and Tamas (thoughts). |
Causes fast demise |
| Stanamula Marma | Under the breast, two añgula (4 cm) on both aspect. | Loss of life from kapha filling contained in the chest, producing cough and dyspnea. |
| Stanarohita Marma | Above the nipples, two angula (4 cm) on both aspect. | Loss of life from blood filling the chest, producing cough and dyspnea. |
| Apalapa Marma | Under the shoulder joint and on the prime of the flanks. | Loss of life because of the blood attaining the qualities of pus. |
| Apastambha Marma | On the 2 sides of the chest.
They purvey air. |
Loss of life as a consequence of accumulation of air within the chest producing cough and dyspnea. |
Thus, the twelve marmas current within the stomach and chest have been described.
III. Prsthamarma – deadly spots within the again
अतऊर्ध्वंपृष्ठमर्माणिव्यख्यास्यामः – तत्रपृष्ठवंशमुभयतःप्रतिश्रोणिकाण्डमस्थिनीकटीकतरुणे,तत्रशोणितक्षयात्पाण्डुर्विवर्णोहीनरूपश्चम्रियतेपार्श्वयोर्जघनबहिर्भागेपृष्ठवंशमुभयतोकुकुन्दरे,तत्रस्पर्शाज्ञानमध : कायेचेष्टोपघातश्चश्रोणीकाण्डयोरुपर्याशयाच्छादनौपाश्र्वान्तरप्रतिबद्धौनितम्बौ,तत्राध : कायशोषोदौर्बल्याच्चमरणं,अधपान्तरप्रतिबद्धौजघनपार्श्वमध्ययोस्तिर्यगूर्ध्वंचजघनात्पार्श्वसन्धी,लोहितपूर्णकोष्ठतयाम्रियतेस्तनमूलाजूभयतःपृष्ठवंशस्यबृहती,तत्रशोणितातिप्रवृत्तिनिमित्तैरुपद्रवैम्रियतेपृष्ठोपरिपृष्ठवंशमुभयतस्त्रिकसंबद्धेअंसफलके,तत्रबाह्वोःस्वापशोषौबाहुमूर्धग्रीवामध्येअंऽसपीठस्कन्धबन्धनावंसौ,तत्रस्तब्धबाहुताएवमेतानिचतुर्देशपृष्ठमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि॥२६॥
After this, the marmas of the again shall be described.
| Title of the PrshtaMarmas | Location | Impact of damage |
| Katikataruna Marma | On either side of the vertebral column, close to the bones of the pelvis | Loss of life from lack of blood, producing pandu – anemia and lack of complexion |
| Kukundara Marma
|
Within the 2 flanks, on outer aspect of the buttocks, on both aspect of vertebral column | Lack of sensation and performance of the decrease a part of the physique |
| Nitamba Marma
|
Current above the pelvis, protecting the inner organs, connected to the flanks | Loss of life as a consequence of losing / emaciation of the decrease a part of the physique and debility |
| Parsva Sandhi Marma
|
Nearer to decrease finish of flanks,
In between buttocks and flanks to the aspect and above the buttocks |
Loss of life from accumulation of blood in stomach |
| Brhati Marma | Identical straight line from stanamulamarma, on either side of vertebral column | Loss of life from problems as a consequence of copious bleeding |
| Amsaphalaka Marma | Higher a part of the again on both aspect of vertebral column and nearer to trika.
Trika is assembly place of neck and each shoulders i.e. higher again. |
Lack of tactile sensation and losing / emaciation of arms |
| Amsa Marma | In between the arms, head and neck, binds the shoulder blade and shoulder | Lack of features of the arms |
Thus, the twelve marmas current within the again have been described.
4. Ürdhvāñga marma – deadly spots of head and neck
अतऊर्ध्वमूर्ध्वजत्रुगतानिव्याख्यास्यामः – तत्रकण्ठनाडीमुभयतश्चस्रोधमन्योद्वेनीलेद्वेचमन्येव्यत्यासेन,तत्रमूकतास्वरवैकृतमरसग्राहिताचग्रीवायामुभयतश्चतस्रःसिरामातृकाः,तत्रसद्योमरणंशिरोग्रीवयोःसन्धानेकृकाटिके,तत्रचलमूर्धताकर्णपृष्ठतोऽध : संश्रितेविधुरे,तत्रबाधिर्यंघ्राणमार्गमुभयतःस्रोतोमार्गप्रतिबद्धेअभ्यन्तरतःफणे,तत्रगन्धाज्ञानंभूपुच्छान्तयोरधोऽक्ष्णोर्बाह्यतोऽपाङ्गौ,तत्रान्ध्यंदृष्टयुपघातोवाभ्रुवोरुपरिनिम्नयोरावर्तीनाम,
तत्राप्यान्ध्यंदृष्ट्युपघातोवाभ्रुवोरन्तयोरुपरिकर्णललाटयोर्मध्येशङ्खौ,तत्रसद्योमरणंशङ्खयोरुपरिकेशान्तउत्क्षेपौ,तत्रसशल्योजीवेत्पाकात्पतितशल्योवानोद्धतशल्यःभ्रुवोर्मध्येस्थपनी,तत्रोत्क्षेपवत्पञ्चसन्धयःशिरसिविभक्ताःसीमन्तानाम,तत्रोन्मादभयचित्तंनाशैर्मरणंघ्राणश्रोत्राक्षिजिह्वासंतर्पणीनां -सिराणांमध्येसिरासन्निपातःशृङ्गाटकानितानिचत्वारिमर्माणि,तत्रापिसद्योमरणंमस्तकाभ्यन्तरोपरिष्ठात्सिरासन्धिसन्निपातोरोमावर्तोऽधिपतिः,तत्रापिसद्यएव।एवमेतानिसप्तत्रिंशदूर्ध्वजत्रुगतानिमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि॥२७॥
After this, the marmas of the top and neck shall be described.
| Title of the Urdhwanga Marmas | Location | Impact of damage |
| Nila Manya Marma | On the 2 sides of the trachea, 4 in quantity (4 dhamanis – arteries) i.e. 2 Nila and a couple of Manya – one every on both aspect of the trachea. | Muteness
Abnormalities of voice Incapability to understand and perceive completely different tastes |
| Matrka Marma | On two sides of the neck, 4 in quantity, 2 on either side | Causes demise in fast time |
| Krkatika Marma
|
Within the assembly place of head and neck, 2 in quantity | Shaking of head |
| Vidhura Marma
|
Again / behind the ear and under it, 2 in quantity, one on either side | Deafness |
| Phana Marma
|
On two sides of the nostril, close to the higher a part of passages and in addition inside them, 2 in quantity – one on either side | Lack of sensation / notion of odor and incapability to know and differentiate completely different odors |
| Apanga Marma
|
On the tail finish of the brows, under and outdoors the eyes, 2 in quantity – one on either side | Blindness or hindrance of sight / imaginative and prescient abnormalities |
| Avarta Marma
|
Above the brows, in depressions, 2 in quantity – one on either side | Blindness or hindrance to sight / defects of imaginative and prescient |
| Sankha Marma
|
Above the extent of eyebrows, in between ears and brow – 2 in quantity, one on either side – temples | Causes fast demise |
| Utksepa Marma
|
Above the temples, on the borders of the hair (hairline), 2 in quantity – one on either side | So long as the overseas physique is current there, the affected person survives or till it falls off after suppuration (pus formation). Alternatively, the affected person doesn’t survive when the overseas physique is pulled out. |
| Sthapani Marma
|
Between the 2 eyebrows, | Comparable impact as defined in Utkshepa Marma above |
| Simanta Marma
|
5 joints of bones – sutures, current within the head, divides the cranium in several components | Loss of life as a consequence of madness, worry and lack of mind or psychological actions |
| Srngataka Marma
|
In the course of confluence of veins, supplying nourishment to the nostril, ears, eyes and tongue, inside the top on the confluence of veins – 4 in quantity | Causes fast demise |
| Adhipati Marma
|
Inside the top, at its prime
It’s the confluence of veins and joints, surrounded by ring of hairs |
Causes fast demise |
Thus, the thirty-seven marmas current within the jatrurdhwa desha i.e. within the components of the physique above the extent of collar bone / clavicle i.e. head and neck have been described.
Marma Pramāņa – Dimension of the deadly spots
भवन्तिचात्रश्लोका :
उर्व्यःशिरांसिविटपेचसकक्षपार्थे
एकैकमङ्गुलमितंस्तनपूर्वमूलम्॥
विद्धङ्गुलद्वयमितंमणिबन्धगुल्फं
त्रीण्येवजानुसपरंसहकूर्पराभ्याम्॥२८॥
हृदस्तिकूर्चगुदनाभिवदन्तिमूर्ध्नि
चत्वारिपञ्चचगलेदशयानिचद्वे॥
तानिस्वपाणितलकुञ्चितसंमितानि
शेषाण्यवेहिपरिविस्तरतोऽङ्गुलार्धम्॥२९॥
Some verses right here
| Marmas | Pramana – dimension in angula (1 angula = 2 cm) |
| Urvi
Kurcasira Vitapa Kaksaparsva (Kaksadhara and Parsva) Stanapurvamula |
1 angula every (2cm) in breadth |
| Manibandha
Gulpha |
2 angula every in breadth (4 cm) |
| Janu
Kurpara |
3 angula every in breadth (6 cm) |
| Hrdaya
Basti Kurca Guda Nabhi 5 within the head – 4 Srngataka and 5 Simanta 12 in neck – 8 Matrka, 2 Nila, 2 Manya |
Measurement of 1’s personal folded palm – 4 angula (8cm) |
| Different Marmas | ½ angula (1 cm) every in breadth |
एतत्प्रमाणमभिवीक्ष्यवदन्तितज्ज्ञाः
शस्त्रेणकर्मकरणंपरिहृत्यकार्यम्॥
पार्वाभिघातितमपीहनिहन्तिमर्म
तस्माद्धिमर्मसदनंपरिवर्जनीयम्॥३०॥
In response to the opinion of clever individuals, surgical procedures together with use of sharp devices needs to be carried out after understanding the width of marmas, avoiding damage to the marmas.
Damage carried out even to the edges of the marmas may also kill the individual. Due to this fact, the marmas needs to be rigorously prevented.
Apāya – hazards from damage
छिन्नेषुपाणिचरणेषुसिरानराणां
सङ्कोचमीयुरसृगल्पमतोनिरेति॥
प्राप्यामितव्यसनमुग्रमतोमनुष्या :
संच्छिन्नशाखतरुवन्निधनंनयान्ति॥३१॥
क्षिप्रेषुतत्रसतलेषुहतेषुरक्तं
गच्छत्यतीवपवनश्चरुजंकरोति॥
एवंविनाशमुपयान्तिहितत्रविद्धा
वृक्षाइवायुधनिपातनिकृत्तमूला : ॥३२॥
तस्मात्तयोरभिहतस्यतुपाणिपादं
छेत्तव्यमाशुमणिबन्धनगुल्फदेशे॥
The veins within the palms and toes get constricted when the palms and toes are lower off. Consequently, little bleeding happens. The individual doesn’t die regardless of experiencing nice struggling, identical to a tree which doesn’t die when its branches are lower off.
Damage to Ksipra and Talahrdaya Marmas results in bleeding in massive amount and aggravation of vata, which produces ache. Consequently, the individual dies when these marmas are injured, identical to the tree dies out when its roots are lower off by the devices. Therefore, the palms and toes of the individuals whose Ksipra and Talahrdaya marmas are injured needs to be amputated (lower off) rapidly on the wrist joint and ankle joint respectively.
Significance of getting the information of marmas
मर्माणिशल्यविषयार्थमुदाहरन्ति
यस्माच्चमर्मसुहतानभवन्तिसद्यः।
जीवन्तितत्रयदिवैद्यगुणेनकेचित्ते
प्राप्नुवन्तिविकलत्वमसंशयंहि॥३३॥
संभिन्नजर्जरितकोष्ठशिर : कपाला
जीवन्तिशस्त्रनिहतैश्चशरीरदेशः।
छिन्नैश्चसक्थिभुजपादकरैरशेषैर्येषां
नमर्मसुकृताविविधाःप्रहाराः॥३४॥
Since individuals die rapidly when their marmas are injured, the information of marmas is described as half of the information of Salya Tantra – surgical science. Even when any individual whose marma has been injured occur to outlive because of the talent and effectivity of the doctor / surgeon, he will certainly find yourself affected by deformities.
If the marmas aren’t injured by completely different sorts of assault and are preserved, the individual wouldn’t die regardless of his inner organs being punctured, cranium bones damaged to items, different components of the physique having been lower by sharp weapons and even when his legs, shoulders, toes and palms are utterly lower off.
Parts of significant / deadly spots
सोममारुततेजांसिरजःसत्त्वतमांसिच॥
मर्मसुप्रायशःपुंसांभूतात्माचावतिष्ठते॥३५॥
मर्मस्वभिहतास्तस्मान्नजीवन्तिशरीरिणः॥
The under talked about reside within the marmas particularly –
– Soma – moon, kapha
– Maruta – vata
– Tejas – pitta, warmth
– Rajas
– Sattva
– Tamas and
– Bhutatma – soul
Therefore residing beings whose marmas are injured is not going to survive.
Marmahatalaksana- results of damage
इन्द्रियार्थेष्वसंप्राप्तिर्मनोबुद्धिविपर्ययः॥३६॥
रुजश्चविविधास्तीव्राभवन्त्याशुहरेहते॥
हतेकालान्तरघ्नेतुध्रुवंधातुक्षयोनृणाम्॥३७॥
ततोधातुक्षयाज्जन्तुर्वेदनाभिश्चनश्यति॥
हतेवैकल्यजननेकेवलंवैद्यनैपुणात्॥३८॥
शरीरंक्रिययायुक्तंविकलत्वमवाप्नुयात्॥
विशल्यनेतुविज्ञेयंपूर्वोक्तंयच्चकारणम्॥३९॥
रुजाकराणिमर्माणिक्षतानिविविधारुजः॥
कुर्वन्त्यन्तेचवैकल्यंकुवैद्यवशगोयदि॥४०॥
| Class of Marma | Impact of damage |
| Sadyo Pranahara Marmas | Lack of sensory notion
Abnormalities of thoughts and mind Totally different sorts of ache |
| Kalantara Pranahara Marmas | Dhatu kshaya – loss / lower of tissues
Loss of life as a consequence of extreme ache attributable to tissue depletion |
| Vaikalyakara Marmas | Deformities provided that the physique is protected by a skillful and environment friendly doctor / surgeon |
| Visalyaghna Marmas | Have been described earlier |
| Rujakara Marmas | Many sorts of ache
Deformity happens if handled by quacks |
Results of damage to the marmas
छेदभेदाभिघातेभ्योदहनाद्दारणादपि॥
उपघातंविजानीयान्मर्मणांतुल्यलक्षणम्॥४१॥
When any upaghata i.e. minor damage of the under talked about sorts happen within the shut neighborhood of marmas, comparable signs are produced –
– Reducing
– Breaking
– Hitting
– Burning by fireplace
– Bursting / dividing and so forth.
मर्माभिघातस्तुनकश्चिदस्ति
योऽल्पात्ययोवाऽपिनिरत्ययोवा॥
प्रायेणमर्मस्वभिताडितास्तु
वैकल्यमृच्छन्त्यथवाम्रियन्ते॥४२॥
Often, every kind of accidents occurring to the marmas both produce deformity or demise. Due to this fact, no damage to the marmas needs to be thought-about as mildly harmful or not-dangerous.
मर्माण्यधिष्ठायहियेविकारा
मूर्च्छन्तिकायेविविधानराणाम्॥
प्रायेणतेकृच्छ्तमाभवन्ति
नरस्ययत्नैरपिसाध्यमानाः॥४३॥
Despite treating them with all efforts, many sorts of ailments regardless of being curable usually turn out to be very tough to remedy, after they develop in / on the area of marmas.
इतिश्रीसुश्रुतसंहितायांशारीरस्थानेप्रत्येकमर्मनिर्देशशारीरंनामषष्ठोऽध्यायः॥६॥
Thus ends the Sixth chapter by title Pratyeka Marma Nirdeśa in Sarira Sthāna of Suśruta Samhita.
