Sushruta Samhita Sharirasthana Chapter 7 Sira Varna Vibhakti Shariram (Classification of Veins)

The seventh chapter of Sharirasthana of Sushruta Samhita is known as as Sira Varna Vibhakti Shariram. This chapter offers with Classification of Veins.

अथातःसिरावर्णविभक्तिशरीरंव्याख्यास्यामः॥१॥
यथोवाचभगवान्‌धन्वन्तरिः॥२॥

 We’ll now expound the chapter by identify Sira Varna Vibhakti Sarira- classification of veins primarily based on their shade; as revealed by the venerable Dhanvantari.

 Sira Sankhya – Pratana – quantity and distribution of veins

सप्तसिराशतानिभवन्ति;याभिरिदंशरीरमाराम‌इवजलहारिणीभिःकेदार‌इवच्‌कुल्याभिरुपस्निह्यतेऽनुह्यते चाकुञ्चनप्रसारणादिभिर्विशेषैः; द्रुमपत्रसेवनीनामिवतासांप्रतानाः; तासांनाभिर्मूलं, ततश्चप्रसरन्त्यूर्ध्वमधस्तिर्यकच ॥३॥

Numbers of Siras – There are in whole seven hundred siras within the physique.

Features of siras –

–        They continually nourish the physique

–        They maintain the physique continually lubricated and moistened in order that the capabilities corresponding to flexion, extension and many others may be carried out with utmost ease

Analogy – The siras nourish and lubricate the physique in a method much like a big area (human physique on this context) being nourished by small channels of water (sira on this context).

Distribution – Within the physique, the siras unfold out identical to the ribs of the leaf.

Mula – The homeland for all of the siras within the physique is nabhi – umbilicus / navel. After taking their origin from nabhi, the siras unfold upwards, downwards and sideward.

Nabhimula – Umbilicus, their origin

भवतश्चात्र श्र्लोकौ-
यावत्यस्तुसिराःकायेसंभवन्तिशरीरिणाम् ॥
नाभ्यांसर्वानोबद्धास्ताःप्रतन्वतिसमन्ततः ॥४॥
नाभिस्थाःप्राणिनांप्राणाः प्राणान्नाभिर्व्युपाश्रिता॥
सिराभिरावृतानाभिश्चक्रनाभिरिवारकैः ॥५॥

Two verses right here:

All Siras within the physique are related to the Nabhi – umbilicus. Taking origin from right here, the siras unfold out to all of the locations by travelling in all instructions, upwards, downwards and facet ward.

Prana – the important life component resides within the siras of the nabhi and then again, the nabhi is the seat of all of the siras. The nabhi is surrounded by a community of siras identical to the axle gap of the wheel is surrounded by the spokes.

Mula Sira Vibhijana – Branching of root veins

तासांमूलसिराश्चत्वारिंशतु; तासांवातवाहिन्योदश, पित्तवाहिन्योदश, कफवाहिन्योदश, रक्तवाहिन्यः।  तासांतुवातवाहिनीनांवातवाहिनीनांवातस्थानगतानांपञ्चसप्ततिशतंभवति, तावत्य‌एवपित्तवाहिन्यःपित्तस्थाने,कफवाहिन्यश्चकफवाहिन्यश्चकफस्थाने,रक्तवाहिन्यश्र्च यकृतत्प्लीह्रोः एवमेतानिसप्तसिराशतानि॥६॥

Among the many siras, there are forty mula siras i.e. root veins.

Of those forty mula siras –

–        Ten siras carry vata

–        Ten siras carry pitta

–        Ten siras carry kapha and

–        Ten siras carry rakta

The ten Vata carrying Sira (veins) additional divide into 100 and seventy-five branches on reaching the seat of Vata.

The ten Pitta carrying Sira (veins) divide into 100 and seventy-five branches on reaching the seat of Pitta.

The ten Kapha carrying Sira (veins) divide into 100 and seventy-five branches on reaching the seat of Kapha.

The ten Rakta (blood) carrying Siras (veins) divide into 100 and seventy-five branches on reaching the seat of rakta i.e. yakrt (liver) and pliha (spleen).

In whole 4 sorts of siras lastly dividing into 100 and seventy-five branches every, collectively make up seven hundred numbers of siras.

Classification of Vatavaha Siras and different Siras

तत्रवातवाहिन्यःसिरा‌एकास्मिन्‌सक्थ्निपञ्चविंशतिःएतेनेतरसक्थिबाहूचव्याख्यातौ। विशेषतस्तु कोष्ठे चतुस्त्रिंशतूःतासांगुदमेढ्राश्रिताः  श्रोण्यामष्टौ,द्वे द्वे पार्श्वयोः,षट्पृष्ठे,तावत्य‌एवोदरे, दशवक्षसि। एकचत्वारिंशज्जत्रुण‌ऊर्ध्वं; तासांचतुर्दशग्रीवायां,  कर्णयोश्चतस्रः,  नवजिह्वायां,षट् नासिकायां,अष्टौ नेत्रयोः , एवमेतत्‌पञ्चसप्ततिशतंवातवाहिनीनांसिराणांव्याख्यातंभवति। एष‌एवविभागःशेषाणामपि। विशेषतस्तुपित्तवाहिन्यो नेत्रयोर्दश,कर्णयोर्द्वे;एवंरक्तवहाःकफवहाश्च।एवमेतानिसप्तसिराशतानिसविभागानि व्याख्यातानि॥७॥

Under talked about are the divisions and distributions of Vatavaha Siras. The distribution of different Siras too needs to be understood in an identical method / sample. Acharya has solely described the divisions of 175 Vata carrying Siras as examples.

Division and Distribution of 175 Vatavaha Siras

Thus, 100 and seventy-five siras which carry vata have been described with their divisions and distribution within the physique.

The remaining siras carrying pitta, kapha and rakta too shall be labeled in the identical method.

Modifications in distribution of siras –

–        In case of Pittavaha Siras – there are ten siras within the eyes i.e. 5 in every eye, towards 8 vatavaha siras within the eyes. Equally, there are solely 2 siras within the ears i.e. one in every ear, towards 4 vatavaha siras within the ears.

–        The variety of siras in case of kaphavaha and raktavaha siras as distributed within the eyes and ear are much like pittavaha siras.

Thus, in whole, seven hundred siras are described together with their divisions and distribution within the physique.

 Sira karma – capabilities of veins

भवन्तिचात्र
क्रियाणामप्रतीघातममोहंबुद्धिकर्मणाम् ॥
करोत्यन्यान्‌गुणांश्र्चपिस्वाःसिराःपवनश्चरन् ॥८॥
यदातुकुपितोवायुःस्वाःसिराःप्रपिपद्यते ॥
तदाऽस्यविविधारोगा‌आयन्तेवातसंभवाः॥९॥
भ्राजिष्णुतामन्नरुचिमग्रिदीप्तिमरोगताम्॥
संसर्पत्‌स्वाःसिराःपित्तंकुर्याचान्यान्‌गुणानपि ॥१०॥
यदाप्रकुपितंपित्तंसेवतेस्ववहाःसिराः॥
तदऽस्यविविधारोगाजायन्तेपित्तसंभवाः ॥११॥
स्नेहमङ्गेषुसन्धीनांस्थैर्यंबलमुदीर्णताम् ॥।
करोत्यन्यान्‌गुणाश्चापिबलासःस्वाःसिराश्चरन् ॥१२॥
यदातुकुपितः श्र्लेष्मास्वाःसिराःप्रतिपद्यते॥
तदाऽस्यविविधारोगाजायन्ते श्र्लेष्मसंभवाः॥१३॥
धातूनांपूरणंवर्णंस्पर्शज्ञानमसंशयम् ॥
स्वाःसिराःसम्चरद्रक्तंकुर्याच्चान्यान्‌गुणानपि ॥१४॥
यदातुकुपितंरक्तंसेवतेस्ववहाःसिराः ॥
तदाऽस्यविविधारोगाजायन्तेरक्तसंभवाः॥१५॥

Some verses right here:-

Whereas shifting in its personal siras (vatavaha sira), vata allows all actions of the physique to go on easily with none hindrance. It additionally allows easy capabilities of the thoughts with out inflicting any delusion and confusion. It additionally allows many different actions aside from these. However then again, when the identical vata will get aggravated and accumulates in its personal siras i.e. vatavaha siras, many ailments of vata origin get manifested within the physique.

Equally, the pitta shifting in its personal siras i.e. pittavaha siras allows easy conduction of the under talked about capabilities –

–        imparts brightness of shade / complexion of the pores and skin

–        helps in style notion

–        allows keenness of the digestive hearth (retains it activated)

–        helps maintain away the ailments and in upkeep of well being and allows many such actions

However, when aggravated, Pitta accumulates inits ownSirai.e. Pittavaha Siras. This results in improvement of many ailments of pitta origin within the physique.

Kapha too, whereas shifting in its personal siras i.e. kaphavaha siras bestows the under talked about capabilities easily –

–        bestows lubrication of the physique elements

–        supplies stability and power to the joints of the physique

–        augments power of the physique and

–        allows many such useful actions

The identical kapha when aggravated would accumulate in its personal siras i.e. kaphavaha siras which might result in manifestation of many ailments of kapha origin within the physique.

Equally, Rakta too shifting in its personal siras i.e. raktavaha siras helps in easy conduction of under stated capabilities –

–        nourishing the tissues

–        bestowing shade and complexion

–        sustaining good tactile sensation and

–        many such useful actions

When the identical rakta will get aggravated, it accumulates in its personal siras i.e. raktavaha siras and this ultimately results in manifestation of many raktaja ailments within the physique.

Siras carry all of the doshas

नहिवातंसिराः काश्र्चन्न पित्तंकेवलंतथा॥
श्र्लेष्माणंवावहन्त्येता‌अतःसर्ववहाःस्मृताः ॥१६॥

Siras don’t carry anyone dosha. They don’t carry vata, pitta or kapha alone. The truth is, all of the siras would carry all of the doshas.

प्रदुष्टानां हिदोषाणांमूर्च्छितानांप्रधावताम् ॥
ध्रुवमुन्मार्गगमनमतःसर्ववहाःस्मूताः ॥१७॥

When the doshas get aggravated, they intimately get blended with each other, flow into within the siras and would certainly depart their regular seats and encroach into different routes in order to succeed in different seats. Subsequently, the veins are thought-about to be sarvavaha i.e. carriers of all of the doshas.

Options of various sorts of Siras

तत्रारुणावातवहाःपूर्यन्तेवायुनासिराः ॥
पित्तादुष्णाश्चनीलाश्र्च, शीतागौर्यःस्थिराःकफात् ॥
असृग्वहास्तुरोहिण्यःसिरानात्युष्णशीतलाः ॥१८॥

Avedhya Sira – veins to not be punctured

अत‌ऊर्ध्वंप्रवक्ष्यामिनविध्येद्याःसिराभिषक् ॥
वैकल्यंमरणंचापिव्यधात्तासांध्रुवंभवेत्॥१९॥
सिराशतानिचत्वारिविद्याच्छाखासुबुद्धिमान् ॥
षट्त्रिंशच्चशतं कोष्ठेचतुःषष्टं चमूर्धनि ॥२०॥
शाखासुषोडशसिराःकोष्ठे द्वात्रिंशदेव तु ॥
पञ्चाशज्जत्रुणश्र्चोर्ध्वमव्यध्याःपरिकीर्तिताः ॥२१॥

Avedhya Siras are these veins which shouldn’t be punctured whereas conducting siravedha – a sort of raktamokshana i.e. bloodletting remedy.

Additional on, these avedhya siras i.e. veins which shouldn’t be punctured by the doctor shall be talked about. If these siras are punctured, they might undoubtedly result in deformity or dying.

Concerning the variety of siras distributed in varied elements of the physique, the clever doctor ought to know that there are –

–        4 hundred siras within the limbs / extremities (higher and decrease limbs put collectively)

–        100 and thirty-six siras within the trunk (thorax and stomach put collectively)

–        100 and sixty-four siras within the elements above the shoulders (head and neck)

Amongst these seven hundred siras, the under talked about variety of siras needs to be thought-about as avedya siras i.e. veins not appropriate for puncturing –

–        16 siras within the extremities

–        32 siras within the trunk and

–        50 siras above the extent of shoulder i.e. within the head and neck

तत्रसिराशतमेकस्मिन्‌सक्थ्निभवति; तासांजालधरात्वेका, तिस्रश्चाभ्यन्तराः- तत्रोर्वीसंज्ञे द्वे,लोहिताक्षसंज्ञा चैका, तास्त्वव्यध्याः; एतेनेतरसक्थिबाहूचव्याख्यातौ; एवमशस्त्रकृत्याःषोडशशाखमु॥ द्वात्रिंशच्छ्रोण्यां, तासामष्टावशस्त्रकृत्याः- द्वेद्वे विटपयोः, कटीकतरुणयोश्र्चे,अष्टावष्टावेकैकास्मिन् पार्श्वे, तासामेकैकामूर्ध्वगांपरिहरेत्, पार्श्वशन्धिगतेच द्वे; चतस्त्रोविंशतिश्चपृष्ठे पृष्ठवंशमुभयत्ः, तासामूर्ध्वगामिन्यौ द्वे द्वेपरिहरेद्धहतीसिरे; तावत्य‌एवोदरे, तासांमेढ्रोपरि

रोमराजीमुभयतो द्वे द्वेपरिहरेत्; चत्वारिंशद्वक्षसि, तासांचतुर्दशाशत्रकृत्या: –

हृदये द्वे, द्वे द्वेस्तनमूले, स्तनरोहितापलापस्तम्भेषूभयतोऽष्ठौ; एवं द्वात्रिंशदशस्त्रकृत्याः पृष्ठोदरोरःसुभवन्ति । चतुःषष्ट सिराशतंजत्रुण‌ऊर्ध्वंभवति; तत्रषट्पञ्चाशच्छिरोधरायां, तासामष्टौ चतस्रश्र्चमर्मसंज्ञाःपरिहरेत्, द्वे कृकाटिकयोः द्वे विधुरयोः, एवंग्रीवायांषोडशाव्यध्याः; हन्वोरुभयतोऽष्ठावष्टौ, तासांतुसन्धिधमन्यौ द्वेद्वे परिहरेत्; षट्त्रिंशज्जिह्वायां, तासमधःषोडशाशस्त्रकृत्याः,

रसवहे द्वे, वाग्वहेच द्वे; द्विर्द्वादश नासायां, तासामौपनासिक्यश्चतस्त्रःपरिहरेत्, तासामेवचतालुन्येकांमृदावुद्देशो; अष्टत्रिंशदुभयोर्नेत्रयोः,तासामेकैकामपाड्गयोःपरिहरेत्; कर्णयोर्दश, तासांशब्दवाहिनीमैकैकांपरिहरेत्; नासानेत्रगततास्तुललाटे षष्टिः, तासांकेशन्तानुगताश्चतस्त्र, आवर्तयोरेकैका, स्थापन्यांचैकापरिहर्तव्या; शङ्खयोर्दश, तासांशङ्खसन्घिगतामेकैकांपरिहरेत्; द्वादश मूर्ध्नि, तासामुत्क्षेपयोर्द्वे परिहरेत्, सीमन्तेष्वेकैकाम्, एकामधिपताविति; एवमशस्त्रकृत्याःपञ्चाशज्जत्रण‌ऊर्ध्वमिति॥२२॥

16 Avedhya Siras within the limbs –

Complete variety of siras in a single leg / decrease limb = 100

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 4

The siras to not be punctured are –

–        1 sira by identify Jaladhara

–        2 siras named Urvi that are located deep within the limb

–        1 sira named Lohitaksha

The identical siras by identify and quantity shouldn’t be punctured within the different decrease limb in addition to each higher limbs. Thus sixteen siras (4 in every limb) within the sakhas – extremities shouldn’t be punctured or damage / broken by sharp devices.

8 Avedhya Siras within the pelvis –

Complete variety of siras within the sroni – pelvis = 32

Variety of siras to not be punctured – 8

The siras to not be punctured are –

–        2 siras – in every Vitapa (marma) = 4 siras

–        2 siras – in every Katikataruna (marma) = 4 siras

4 Avedhya Siras within the flanks –

Complete variety of siras in parsva i.e. flanks = 16 siras (8 siras in every parsva)

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 4

The siras to not be punctured are –

–        2 siras – spreading upwards (1 on every flank)

–        2 siras – in Parsvasandhi marma (joint of the flanks) (1 in every flank)

2 Avedhya Siras within the again –

Complete variety of siras in Prstha – again = 24 (in either side of the vertebral column)

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 2

The siras to not be punctured –

–        2 Siras – by identify Brhati, one on all sides spreading upwards

4 Avedhya Siras within the stomach –

Complete variety of siras within the udara – stomach = 24

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 4

The siras to not be punctured –

–        2 siras – on all sides of the stomach, located above the penis, close to the road of hairs

14 Avedhya Siras within the chest –

Complete variety of siras within the ura – chest = 40

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 14

The siras to not be punctured –

–        2 siras – within the coronary heart

–        2 siras – on all sides in stanamula marma (base of breast) = 4

–        2 siras – on all sides in stanarohita marma (nipples) = 4

–        1 sira – one on all sides in apalapa marma = 2

–        1 sira – one on all sides in apastambha marma = 2

Thus, the 32 siras situated within the again, stomach and chest which shouldn’t be punctured have been enumerated.

16 Avedhya Siras above the extent of shoulders –

Complete variety of siras in jatrurdhwa pradesha – above the extent of shoulders = 164,

Amongst them,

Complete Variety of Siras within the neck = 56

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 16

The siras to not be punctured –

–        8 siras and 4 siras = 12 siras – generally known as Marmas (important spots)

–        2 siras – in Krikatika

–        2 siras – in Vidhura

4 Avedhya Siras within the decrease jaw –

Complete variety of siras within the hanu – decrease jaw = 16 (8 on all sides of the jaw)

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 4

The siras to not be punctured –

–        4 siras – situated within the sandhis (jaw joint) – 2 on all sides

4 Avedhya Siras within the tongue –

Complete variety of siras within the jihva – tongue = 36

(Out of those 36) Complete variety of siras situated under the tongue = 16

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 4

The siras to not be punctured –

–        2 siras – named rasavaha siras, which carry rasa

–        2 sitas – named vakvaha, liable for manufacturing of speech

5 Avedhya Siras within the nostril –

Complete variety of siras within the nasa – nostril = 24

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 5

The siras to not be punctured –

–        4 siras–that are aupanasika i.e. close to the nostril or base of the nostril

–        1 sira – within the taste bud

2 Avedhya Siras within the eyes –

Complete variety of siras within the eyes – 38 – 19 in every eye

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 2

The siras to not be punctured –

–        2 siras – 1 sira in every apanga – outer canthus

2 Avedhya Siras within the ears –

Complete variety of siras within the ears = 10 – 2 in every ear

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 2

The siras to not be punctured –

–        2 siras – named Sabdavahini Sira, one in every ear

3 Avedhya Siras within the brow –

Complete variety of siras within the brow = 60 (siras spreading to the nostril and eyes = 20, nostril = 4 and of the eyes = 36 = 60 siras), these siras observe the border of the hairs

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 3

The siras to not be punctured –

–        2 siras – in Avarta – 1 on all sides

–        1 sira – in Sthapani

2 Avedhya Siras within the temples –

Complete variety of siras within the Sankha – temples = 10 (5 in every temple)

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 2

The siras to not be punctured –

–        2 siras – one on all sides located on the joint of Sankha

8 Avedhya Siras within the head –

Complete variety of siras within the head = 12

Variety of siras to not be punctured = 8

The siras to not be punctured –

–        2 siras – in utkshepa – 1 on all sides

–        5 siras – in Simanta – 1 in every simanta

–        1 sira – in Adhipati

Thus, the fifty siras situated within the jatrurdhwa desha i.e. above the extent of shoulders which shouldn’t be punctured or injured by sharp devices are defined.

भवतिचात्र

One verse right here:-

व्याप्नुवन्त्यभितोदेहंनाभितःप्रस्रुताःसिराः ॥
प्रतानाः पद्मिनीकन्दाद्विसादीनां यथाजलम॥२३॥

Analogy of unfold of siras – Similar to the water spreads from the rhizome of the lotus plant to its stalk and many others elements of the flower, the siras taking their origin from the nabhi – navel unfold out by means of the whole physique.

इति श्रीसुश्रुतसंहितायांशारीरस्थानेसिरावर्णभक्तिशारीरंनामसप्तमोऽध्यायः॥७॥

Thus ends the seventh chapter by identify Siravarana Vibhakti- in Sarira Sthana of Susruta Samhita.